Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Fe-HCOF-PEG 2000 as a Hypoxia-Tolerant Photosensitizer to Trigger Ferroptosis and Enhance ROS-Based Cancer Therapy

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S479848

Figure Lengend Snippet: ROS generation of Fe-HCOF-PEG 2000 . The EPR spectrogram of ( a ) O 2 •− , ( b ) OH• and ( c ) 1 O 2 captured by DMPO or TEMPO when they born by Fe-HCOFs under NIR treatment at 10min or 0min time point. ( d ) Schematic diagram of type I PDT. Fluorescence spectrum of ( e ) DHE and ( f ) DCFH-DA motivated by Fe-HCOFs under different duration of 808nm NIR irradiation.

Article Snippet: Dihydroethidium (Hydroethidine) and DCFH-DA (H2DCFDA) were purchased from Glpbio.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Irradiation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Fe-HCOF-PEG 2000 as a Hypoxia-Tolerant Photosensitizer to Trigger Ferroptosis and Enhance ROS-Based Cancer Therapy

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S479848

Figure Lengend Snippet: ROS production of Fe-HCOF-PEG 2000 in cancer cells. ( a ) Fluorescence images of DCFH-DA probe bonded 4T1 cells to detect cellular ROS generation. Scale bar: 50 μm. ( b ) Flow cytometry of DCFH-DA probe bonded 4T1 cells to detect cellular ROS generation. ( c and d ) Quantitative intensity of DCFH-DA in Figure a and DHE in Figure e, respectively. n=3. Data are shown as mean ± SD. Student’s t‐test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. ( e ) DHE staining images of 4T1 cells treated with 5 definite methods to indicate O 2 •− positive cells. Scale bar: 20 μm.

Article Snippet: Dihydroethidium (Hydroethidine) and DCFH-DA (H2DCFDA) were purchased from Glpbio.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Staining

Journal: Journal of Radiation Research

Article Title: Increased effectiveness of carbon ions in the production of reactive oxygen species in normal human fibroblasts

doi: 10.1093/jrr/rru083

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distributions of DHE fluorescence intensities (FI; arbitrary units, AU) in AG1522 cells 3 days after X-ray ( A ) or carbon ion ( B ) irradiation with 0.5 Gy. The number of cells as percentage of all cells is shown as a function of the fluorescence intensity.

Article Snippet: For measurements of ROS, cells were trypsinized, washed and resuspended at a concentration of ∼10 5 cells ml –1 in 4 μM Dihydroethidium (DHE; AnaSpec, Fremont, CA, USA) dissolved in PBS.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Irradiation

Journal: Journal of Radiation Research

Article Title: Increased effectiveness of carbon ions in the production of reactive oxygen species in normal human fibroblasts

doi: 10.1093/jrr/rru083

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dose-dependence of ROS levels comparing different fibroblasts (measured by staining with DHE). The fluorescence intensities relative to unirradiated cells (RFI) are shown as a function of the X-ray dose for AG1522 ( n = 6), VH7 and IMR-90 (both n = 1). Plotted are the maximum fluorescence intensities for each dose, typically observed between 3 and 5 days after exposure (see ‘Data analysis’ for details; the corresponding maximum levels can be inferred from Fig. ).

Article Snippet: For measurements of ROS, cells were trypsinized, washed and resuspended at a concentration of ∼10 5 cells ml –1 in 4 μM Dihydroethidium (DHE; AnaSpec, Fremont, CA, USA) dissolved in PBS.

Techniques: Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of Radiation Research

Article Title: Increased effectiveness of carbon ions in the production of reactive oxygen species in normal human fibroblasts

doi: 10.1093/jrr/rru083

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of radiation quality on the dose-dependence of ROS levels in AG1522 cells. RFI (DHE fluorescence intensities relative to unirradiated cells) are shown as a function of dose for carbon ion irradiation ( n = 3) or X-rays ( n = 6, data from Fig. ). The maximum fluorescence intensities for each dose, typically obtained between 3 and 5 days after exposure, were used in the dose–response plot (see ‘Data analysis’ for details). Significant differences between the same physical doses of X-rays and carbon ions; three asterisks indicate P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For measurements of ROS, cells were trypsinized, washed and resuspended at a concentration of ∼10 5 cells ml –1 in 4 μM Dihydroethidium (DHE; AnaSpec, Fremont, CA, USA) dissolved in PBS.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Irradiation

Journal: Journal of Radiation Research

Article Title: Increased effectiveness of carbon ions in the production of reactive oxygen species in normal human fibroblasts

doi: 10.1093/jrr/rru083

Figure Lengend Snippet: ROS levels and corresponding cell densities of AG1522 cells after X-ray ( A , B ; n = 3–8) or carbon ion irradiation ( C , D ; n = 3) as a function of the time after irradiation. Relative fluorescence intensities (RFIs) of DHE normalized to the mean of unirradiated cells (A, C) are shown. In (B) and (D) the corresponding cell densities are depicted. Significant difference of RFI from 0 Gy is indicated by a single asterisk ( P < 0.05), two asterisks ( P < 0.01) or three asterisks ( P < 0.001). Note that the single experiments are averaged over the timepoints, resulting in error bars and significances that are different from Fig. (see ‘Data analysis’ for details).

Article Snippet: For measurements of ROS, cells were trypsinized, washed and resuspended at a concentration of ∼10 5 cells ml –1 in 4 μM Dihydroethidium (DHE; AnaSpec, Fremont, CA, USA) dissolved in PBS.

Techniques: Irradiation, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of Radiation Research

Article Title: Increased effectiveness of carbon ions in the production of reactive oxygen species in normal human fibroblasts

doi: 10.1093/jrr/rru083

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative distributions of DHE ( A ) or p21 ( B ) fluorescence intensities in AG1522 cells 4, 5, 7 and 11 days after irradiation with X-rays (6 Gy, filled histograms; 0 Gy, blank histograms). The number of cells as a percentage of all cells is shown as a function of the fluorescence intensity. ‘X’ indicates an emerging subpopulation that demonstrated reduced p21 or DHE fluorescence intensities.

Article Snippet: For measurements of ROS, cells were trypsinized, washed and resuspended at a concentration of ∼10 5 cells ml –1 in 4 μM Dihydroethidium (DHE; AnaSpec, Fremont, CA, USA) dissolved in PBS.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Irradiation

Journal: Journal of Radiation Research

Article Title: Increased effectiveness of carbon ions in the production of reactive oxygen species in normal human fibroblasts

doi: 10.1093/jrr/rru083

Figure Lengend Snippet: ROS levels in the descendant cells of irradiated AG1522 cells. Shown is the relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) of DHE at an early and a late timepoint after exposure. Filled bars indicate irradiated cells ( n = 7 for 6 Gy X-rays; n = 3 for 2 Gy carbon ions); open bars indicate the descendants ( n = 2 (duplicates), * single measurement) of cells irradiated with 6 Gy X-rays or 2 Gy carbon ions. The dashed horizontal line indicates the level of unirradiated cells at the respective timepoint.

Article Snippet: For measurements of ROS, cells were trypsinized, washed and resuspended at a concentration of ∼10 5 cells ml –1 in 4 μM Dihydroethidium (DHE; AnaSpec, Fremont, CA, USA) dissolved in PBS.

Techniques: Irradiation, Fluorescence